22-30.5-104. Charter school - requirements - authority - rules - definitions.
Statute text
(1) A charter school shall be a public, nonsectarian, nonreligious, non-home-based school which operates within a public school district.
(2) (a) A charter school applicant cannot apply to, or enter into a charter contract with, a school district unless a majority of the charter school's pupils, other than online pupils, will reside in the chartering school district or in school districts contiguous thereto.
(b) A charter school shall be a public school of the school district that approves its charter application and enters into a charter contract with the charter school. In accordance with the requirement of section 15 of article IX of the state constitution, the charter school shall be subject to accreditation by the school district's local board of education pursuant to the school district's policy for accrediting the public schools of the school district adopted pursuant to section 22-11-307 and section 22-32-109 (1)(mm). The charter school shall also be subject to annual review by the department pursuant to section 22-11-210.
(3) (a) A charter school is subject to all federal and state laws and constitutional provisions prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disability, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, religion, ancestry, or need for special education services. A charter school is subject to any court-ordered desegregation plan in effect for the chartering school district. Enrollment in a charter school must be open to any child who resides within the school district; except that a charter school is not required to make alterations in the structure of the facility used by the charter school or to make alterations to the arrangement or function of rooms within the facility, except as may be required by state or federal law. Enrollment decisions shall be made in a nondiscriminatory manner specified by the charter school applicant in the charter school application.
(a.5) A charter school may give preference to enrolling children with disabilities, as defined in section 22-20-103. Upon approval of the local board of education, the charter school may develop and implement an enrollment preference plan to increase the enrollment of children with disabilities. In exercising the enrollment preference plan for children with disabilities, a charter school shall ensure compliance with the obligation to provide a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment pursuant to the federal "Individuals with Disabilities Education Act", 20 U.S.C. sec. 1400 et seq., as amended. A charter school may allow a parent to voluntarily provide information regarding whether the parent's child has a disability.
(b) As used in this subsection (3):
(I) "Protective hairstyle" includes such hairstyles as braids, locs, twists, tight coils or curls, cornrows, Bantu knots, Afros, and headwraps.
(II) "Race" includes hair texture, hair type, or a protective hairstyle that is commonly or historically associated with race.
(4) (a) A charter school shall be administered and governed by a governing body in a manner agreed to by the charter school applicant and the chartering local board of education. Effective July 1, 2013, each charter school that was initially chartered on or after August 6, 1997, shall organize as a nonprofit corporation pursuant to the "Colorado Nonprofit Corporation Act", articles 121 to 137 of title 7, C.R.S., which shall not affect its status as a public school for any purposes under Colorado law. Notwithstanding organization as a nonprofit corporation, a charter school shall annually complete a governmental audit that complies with the requirements of the department of education.
(b) An entity that holds a charter authorized pursuant to this part 1 may choose to contract with an education management provider, which education management provider may be a for-profit, a nonprofit, or a not-for-profit entity, so long as the charter school maintains a governing board that is independent of the education management provider.
(4.5) (a) In order to clarify the status of charter schools for purposes of tax-exempt financing, a charter school, as a public school, is a governmental entity. Direct leases and financial obligations of a charter school shall not constitute debt or financial obligations of the school district unless the school district specifically assumes such obligations.
(b) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2004, p. 1571, 3, effective June 3, 2004.)
(5) Except as otherwise provided in sections 22-20-109, 22-32-115, and 22-54-109, a charter school shall not charge tuition.
(6) (a) Pursuant to contract, a charter school may operate free from specified school district policies and free from state rules, as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection (6). Pursuant to contract, a local board of education may waive locally imposed school district requirements, without seeking approval of the state board; except that a charter school shall not, by contract or otherwise, operate free of the requirements contained in the "Public School Finance Act of 1994", article 54 of this title, the requirements specified in part 4 of article 11 of this title concerning school accountability committees, or the requirements contained in the "Children's Internet Protection Act", article 87 of this title.
(b) The state board shall promulgate rules that list the automatic waivers for all charter schools. In promulgating the list of automatic waivers, the state board shall consider the overall impact and complexity of the requirements specified in the statute and the potential consequences that waiving the statute may have on the practices of a charter school. In accordance with its rule-making authority, the state board may review the list of automatic waivers at its discretion. Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection (6)(b) to the contrary, the state board shall not include the following statutes on the list of automatic waivers:
(I) Section 22-9-106, concerning the performance evaluation system for licensed personnel;
(I.5) Section 22-32-109 (1)(b), concerning procedures for competitive bidding in the purchase of goods and services, except professional services;
(II) Section 22-32-109 (1)(n), concerning the annual school calendar and teacher-pupil contact hours;
(II.5) Section 22-32-110 (1)(y), concerning the power to accept and expend gifts, donations, or grants; and
(III) Part 2 of article 63 of this title 22, concerning the employment of licensed personnel.
(c) A school district, on behalf of a charter school, may apply to the state board for a waiver of a state statute or state rule that is not an automatic waiver. Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection (6) to the contrary, the state board may not waive any statute or rule relating to:
(I) School accountability committees as described in section 22-11-401;
(II) The assessments required to be administered pursuant to section 22-7-1006.3;
(III) School performance reports pursuant to part 5 of article 11 of this title;
(IV) The "Public School Finance Act of 1994", article 54 of this title 22;
(V) The "Children's Internet Protection Act", article 87 of this title 22;
(VI) The requirement to post on the internet the statutes for which waivers are granted as provided in section 22-44-305;
(VII) Any provisions of section 22-1-130 relating to notification to parents of alleged criminal conduct by charter school employees;
(VIII) Section 22-33-106.1 concerning suspension and expulsion of students in preschool through second grade; or
(IX) Subsection (3) of this section and sections 22-32-110 (1)(k) and 22-63-206 (1) relating to discrimination based on hair texture, hair type, or a protective hairstyle that is commonly or historically associated with race.
(d) Upon request of a charter applicant, the state board and the local board of education of the school district to which the charter applicant applies shall provide summaries of the state and district rules and policies to use in preparing a charter school application. The department shall prepare the summary of state rules within existing appropriations. A waiver of state rules or local school district regulations made pursuant to this subsection (6) must be for the term of the charter for which the waiver is made; except that a waiver of state statutes or state board rules by the state board is subject to periodic review as provided by state board rule and may be revoked if the waiver is deemed no longer necessary by the state board. A school district that applies to the state board for a waiver on behalf of a charter school is only required to provide a complete copy of the signed charter contract.
(7) (a) A charter school shall be responsible for its own operation including, but not limited to, preparation of a budget, contracting for services, facilities, and personnel matters.
(b) A charter school may negotiate and contract with a school district, the governing body of a state college or university, the state of Colorado, a school food authority, a charter school collaborative, a board of cooperative services, another district charter school, an institute charter school, or any third party for the use of a school building and grounds, the operation and maintenance thereof, and the provision of any service, activity, or undertaking that the charter school is required or chooses to perform in order to carry out the educational program described in its charter contract. Any services for which a charter school contracts with a school district shall be provided by the district at cost. The charter school shall have standing to sue and be sued in its own name for the enforcement of any contract created pursuant to this paragraph (b).
(c) In no event shall a charter school be required to pay rent for space which is deemed available, as negotiated by contract, in school district facilities. All other costs for the operation and maintenance of the facilities used by the charter school shall be subject to negotiation between the charter school and the school district.
(d) A charter school or an institute charter school authorized pursuant to part 5 of this article that is operating in a school district building may purchase the building and the grounds upon which the building is located from the school district, at the school district's discretion, according to terms established by mutual agreement of the parties. If a charter school that has purchased a school building and grounds pursuant to this paragraph (d) vacates the school building and grounds or elects to sell the school building and grounds, the school district that sold the school building and grounds to the charter school pursuant to this paragraph (d) shall have first right of refusal to reacquire and purchase the property at fair market value or in accordance with other terms of repurchase established by mutual agreement of the parties.
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subsection (7) or the provisions of subsection (7.5) of this section, a school district that has space in district facilities that is unoccupied may sell the facilities or use the facilities for a different purpose and is not required to maintain ownership of the facilities for potential use by a charter school.
(7.5) (a) No later than November 1, 2016, and no later than November 1 each year thereafter, each school district that authorizes a charter school and that has or is expecting to have one or more vacant or underused buildings or vacant or underused land available during the next school year shall prepare a list of the vacant or underused buildings and land and provide the list, upon request, to charter schools authorized by the school district, charter school applicants, and other interested persons. The school district shall also post on its website a notice that the list of underused and vacant buildings and land is available to interested persons upon request. The school district must provide the list within two school days after receiving a request. No later than forty-five days after the school district posts the availability of the list or after receiving the list, whichever is later, a charter school of the school district or charter applicant may apply to the school district to use the building or the school district land as the location for the charter school. The local board of education shall review each application for use and, in a public meeting held no later than ninety days after the school district posts the availability of the list, approve or disapprove each application for use of the building or school district land. If the local board of education disapproves an application for use, it must explain at the public meeting and provide in writing to the applicant the reasons for disapproval.
(b) For purposes of this subsection (7.5), a building is considered underused if it has unused capacity to accommodate two hundred fifty students or more.
(8) A charter school shall be authorized to offer any educational program, including but not limited to an online program or online school created pursuant to article 30.7 of this title, that may be offered by a school district and that is research-based and has been proven to be effective, unless expressly prohibited by state law.
(9) All decisions regarding the planning, siting, and inspection of charter school facilities shall be made in accordance with section 22-32-124 and as specified by contract with the charter school's chartering school district.
(10) A charter school may apply for authorization as a school food authority pursuant to section 22-32-120.
(11) (a) If a charter school chooses to apply, alone or with a consortium of charter schools, for a grant through a nonformulaic, competitive grant program created by a federal or state statute or program, the charter school or consortium of charter schools is the local education agency only for the purposes of applying and determining eligibility for the grant and may request, pursuant to section 22-30.5-503 (3.5), that the state charter school institute act as a fiscal manager for the charter school or consortium of charter schools for purposes of grant management. The charter school or consortium of charter schools shall pay the fee, if any, imposed by the state charter school institute board as provided in section 22-30.5-503 (3.5).
(b) A charter school that applies for a grant pursuant to this subsection (11) shall provide to its authorizing district:
(I) A copy of the grant application at the time the application is submitted to the grant maker;
(II) Notice that the charter school did or did not receive the grant moneys; and
(III) If the charter school receives the grant moneys, a summary of the grant requirements, a summary of how the charter school is using the grant moneys, and periodic reports on the charter school's progress in meeting the goals of the grant as stated in its application.
(c) If a charter school intends to apply for a grant that the school's authorizing school district is also intending to apply for, the charter school shall seek to collaborate with the school district in the application and to submit the application jointly. If the charter school and the school district are unable to agree to collaborate in applying for the grant, the charter school may apply for the grant pursuant to this subsection (11) independently or in collaboration with other charter schools.
(12) Pursuant to the provisions of section 22-32-110 (1)(jj), a charter school shall not withhold records required for enrollment in another school or institution of higher education or the diploma, transcript, or grades of any student for failure to pay a fine or fee or to return or replace school property.
(13) Each charter school shall annually distribute to each employee informational materials relating to federal student loan repayment programs and student loan forgiveness programs, including updated materials, received from its chartering school board pursuant to section 22-32-109 (1)(pp). In addition to annual distribution, a charter school shall distribute the informational materials to newly hired employees as part of its employee orientation process. The charter school may distribute the informational materials to its employees through an e-mail to employees or as part of a mailing or regular communication to employees.
History
Source: L. 93: Entire article added, p. 1053, 1, effective June 3. L. 94: (5) amended, p. 812, 24, effective April 27; (3), (5), and (6) amended, p. 1378, 2, effective May 25. L. 96: (6) amended, p. 752, 2, effective May 22. L. 97: (2) amended, p. 585, 14, effective April 30; (4) amended, p. 400, 1, effective August 6. L. 99: (7)(b) amended, p. 1256, 5, effective June 2; (4.5) and (8) added, p. 1209, 1, effective August 4. L. 2000: (6) amended, p. 349, 4, effective April 10; (4) amended, p. 1855, 55, effective August 2; (9) added, p. 519, 1, effective August 2. L. 2001: (6) amended, p.1498, 22, effective June 8. L. 2002: (2) and (8) amended, p. 1749, 22, effective June 7. L. 2003: (6) amended, p. 2477, 33, effective August 15. L. 2004: Entire section amended, p. 1571, 3, effective June 3. L. 2007: (7)(e) added, p. 740, 15, effective May 9; (7)(d) added, p. 1592, 1, effective May 31; (8) amended, p. 1088, 12, effective July 1. L. 2008: (3) amended, p. 1600, 21, effective May 29. L. 2009: (7)(b) amended and (10) added, (SB 09-230), ch. 227, p. 1033, 3, effective May 4; (2)(b) and (6)(b) amended, (SB 09-163), ch. 293, p. 1534, 26, effective May 21; (6)(a) and (6)(b) amended, (SB 09-090), ch. 291, p. 1445, 22, effective August 5. L. 2010: (7)(b) amended and (11) added, (SB 10-161), ch. 250, pp. 1115, 1117, 1, 6, effective August 11. L. 2011: (11) amended, (HB 11-1089), ch. 55, p. 147, 2, effective March 25; (7)(b) amended, (HB 11-1277), ch. 306, p. 1504, 32, effective August 10. L. 2012: (11)(a) amended, (SB 12-121), ch. 177, p. 637, 4, effective May 11; (8) amended, (HB 12-1240), ch. 258, p. 1316, 26, effective June 4; (4) amended, (SB 12-067), ch. 131, p. 450, 2, effective August 8. L. 2013: (11)(a) amended, (HB 13-1219), ch. 104, p. 362, 8, effective August 7. L. 2014: (6) amended, (HB 14-1292), ch. 243, p. 902, 4, effective May 21. L. 2015: (6)(c)(II) amended, (HB 15-1323), ch. 204, p. 723, 28, effective May 20. L. 2016: (6)(b)(II) and (7)(e) amended and (7.5) added, (HB 16-1422), ch. 351, pp. 1436, 1434, 16, 12, effective June 10. L. 2017: (6)(b), (6)(c)(IV), and (6)(c)(V) amended and (6)(c)(VI) added, (HB 17-1375), ch. 287, p. 1596, 7, effective June 2; (12) added, (HB 17-1301), ch. 201, p. 746, 2, effective August 9. L. 2018: (6)(c)(V) and (6)(c)(VI) amended and (6)(c)(VII) added, (HB 18-1269), ch. 268, p. 1653, 3, effective August 15. L. 2019: (13) added, (SB 19-057), ch. 35, p. 114, 6, effective August 2; (6)(c)(VI) and (6)(c)(VII) amended and (6)(c)(VIII) added, (HB 19-1194), ch. 160, p. 1887, 4, effective July 1, 2020. L. 2020: (3), (6)(c)(VII), and (6)(c)(VIII) amended and (6)(c)(IX) added, (HB 20-1048), ch. 8, p. 16, 4, effective September 14. L. 2021: (3)(a) amended, (HB 21-1108), ch. 156, p. 892, 22, effective September 7. L. 2022: (3)(a.5) added, (HB 22-1294), ch. 242, p. 1787, 1, effective August 10.
Annotations
Editor's note: (1) Amendments to subsection (5) by House Bill 94-1001 and Senate Bill 94-215 were harmonized.
(2) Amendments to subsection (6)(b) by Senate Bill 09-090 and Senate Bill 09-163 were harmonized.
Annotations
Cross references: (1) For the legislative declaration contained in the 1999 act amending subsection (7)(b), see section 1 of chapter 302, Session Laws of Colorado 1999. For the legislative declaration contained in the 2008 act amending subsection (3), see section 1 of chapter 341, Session Laws of Colorado 2008. For the legislative declaration in HB 19-1194, see section 1 of chapter 160, Session Laws of Colorado 2019. For the legislative declaration in HB 21-1108, see section 1 of chapter 156, Session Laws of Colorado 2021.
(2) For the short title ("Student Success Act") in HB 14-1292, see section 1 of chapter 243, Session Laws of Colorado 2014.
(3) For the short title ("Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair Act of 2020" or the "CROWN Act of 2020") and the legislative declaration in HB 20-1048, see sections 1 and 2 of chapter 8, Session Laws of Colorado 2020.
Annotations
ANNOTATION
Annotations
The express grant of standing to charter schools to sue for enforcement of service contracts clarifies the power originally granted to charter schools in the Charter Schools Act. Because the charter contract between the parties encompasses contractual provisions related to the types of service contracts considered in this section, plaintiff had standing to bring those claims against the school district in the judicial system. Acad. of Charter Schs. v. Adams Cty. Sch. Dist. No. 12, 32 P.3d 456 (Colo. 2001).
Facilities operation and maintenance provisions entered into pursuant to subsection (7)(b) are judicially enforceable, unlike the governing policy provisions in a charter contract entered into according to 22-30.5-105 and 22-30.5-106. Acad. of Charter Schs. v. Adams Cty. Sch. Dist. No. 12, 32 P.3d 456 (Colo. 2001).
The power to enter into contracts assumes the ability to enforce those contracts. In order to enforce a contract, one party must have some means of ensuring that the other party will obey its contractual duties. A legislative authorization to enter into contracts could be read as implying a complementary authorization to enforce those contracts. Acad. of Charter Schs. v. Adams Cty. Sch. Dist. No. 12, 32 P.3d 456 (Colo. 2001).
The general assembly intended that charter schools have always had standing to sue their school districts for the types of contractual provisions described in this section. The general assembly, when amending the act, meant for the amendment to serve merely as a clarification, not as a substantive change of the law. Acad. of Charter Schs. v. Adams Cty. Sch. Dist. No. 12, 32 P.3d 456 (Colo. 2001).
The waiver of a transfer policy or funding a transferred student's education in another school in the district are not permitted or contemplated services within the meaning of subsection (7)(b) of this section or 22-30.5-112 (2)(b). Ridgeview Classical Sch. v. Poudre Sch. Dist. R-1, 214 P.3d 476 (Colo. App. 2008).
Applied in Acad. of Charter Schs. v. Adams Cty. Sch. Dist. No. 12, 994 P.2d 442 (Colo. App. 1999), aff'd in part and rev'd in part on other grounds, 32 P.3d 456 (Colo. 2001).